{"id":214,"date":"2026-02-21T10:46:34","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T09:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/?p=214"},"modified":"2026-03-13T11:30:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T10:30:57","slug":"la-maladie-daddison-quand-votre-hormone-du-stress-decide-de-faire-greve-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/language\/fr\/2026\/02\/21\/la-maladie-daddison-quand-votre-hormone-du-stress-decide-de-faire-greve-2\/","title":{"rendered":"La maladie d\u2019Addison : quand votre hormone du stress d\u00e9cide de faire gr\u00e8ve"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avez-vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler de la maladie d\u2019Addison ? Probablement pas, car c\u2019est l\u2019une des maladies rares de notre \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u2019est quoi la maladie d\u2019Addison ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imaginez que votre corps ait un syst\u00e8me int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de gestion du stress : le cortisol. Cette hormone se d\u00e9clenche quand vous courez apr\u00e8s un bus, quand votre patron vous appelle \u00e0 l\u2019improviste ou quand votre belle-m\u00e8re d\u00e9barque \u00e0 7 heures du matin. Maintenant, imaginez que ce syst\u00e8me&#8230; s\u2019arr\u00eate net.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voil\u00e0, vous avez un aper\u00e7u de la maladie d\u2019Addison, aussi appel\u00e9e insuffisance surr\u00e9nalienne primaire. Elle se manifeste quand vos glandes surr\u00e9nales (deux petites glandes situ\u00e9es au-dessus des reins) ne produisent plus assez de cortisol. Parfois, ce n\u2019est pas les glandes elles-m\u00eames le probl\u00e8me, mais le cerveau qui oublie de leur envoyer les bons messages \u2013 c\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle l\u2019insuffisance surr\u00e9nalienne secondaire. Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, le r\u00e9sultat est le m\u00eame : pas assez de cortisol \u2013 donc un manque de r\u00e9gulation de la pression art\u00e9rielle, de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre hydrique\u2026 et de votre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 survivre aux lundis matin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est une maladie rare (entre 10 et 40 cas pour 100 000 personnes en Europe), mais ce n\u2019est pas parce que c\u2019est rare que c\u2019est anodin !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pourquoi c\u2019est un probl\u00e8me ? (Spoiler : parce que le cortisol, c\u2019est hyper important)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sans assez de cortisol, votre corps perd les p\u00e9dales. R\u00e9sultat ? Fatigue, naus\u00e9es, vertiges, envie irr\u00e9pressible de chips sal\u00e9es\u2026 Et dans les cas les plus graves, \u00e7a peut mener \u00e0 une crise surr\u00e9nalienne, une urgence vitale&nbsp;!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00eame avec un traitement, on compte 4 \u00e0 10 crises par an pour 100 patients, et dans 0,5 % des cas, c\u2019est fatal. Sympa, non ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le vrai souci, c\u2019est que le cortisol ne monte pas quand il le devrait &#8211; comme en cas de stress physique, \u00e9motionnel ou m\u00eame une simple grippe. Et quand l\u2019hormone cens\u00e9e vous sauver la vie ne se pr\u00e9sente pas\u2026 vous voyez le probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"487\" src=\"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-1-1-1536x731-1-1024x487.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-216\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.102705565008433;width:735px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-1-1-1536x731-1-1024x487.png 1024w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-1-1-1536x731-1-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-1-1-1536x731-1-768x366.png 768w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-1-1-1536x731-1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><sub><strong>Figure 1: <\/strong><\/sub><em><sub>Les montagnes russes du cortisol<\/sub><\/em><em><sub>. Dessin par Karen.<\/sub><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comment on traite \u00e7a ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La star du traitement s\u2019appelle l\u2019hydrocortisone. C\u2019est un substitut du cortisol qu\u2019on prend en comprim\u00e9s, 2 \u00e0 3 fois par jour. L\u2019id\u00e9e ? Reproduire le rythme naturel de l\u2019hormone. Sauf que\u2026 spoiler alert : \u00e7a ne marche pas super bien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le corps s\u00e9cr\u00e8te du cortisol en pulsations r\u00e9guli\u00e8res tout au long de la journ\u00e9e, avec des fluctuations tr\u00e8s individuelles. Et une pilule, m\u00eame magique, ne peut pas suivre ce rythme complexe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et quand il y a du stress ? Le patient doit augmenter la dose lui-m\u00eame. Un rhume ? Une prise de sang ? Une r\u00e9union stressante ? Il faut ajuster. Pas simple \u00e0 faire sans plan personnalis\u00e9. M\u00eame les m\u00e9decins ne peuvent en faire plus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"701\" src=\"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-2-1-1536x1051-1-1024x701.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-217\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4614659664443228;width:730px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-2-1-1536x1051-1-1024x701.png 1024w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-2-1-1536x1051-1-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-2-1-1536x1051-1-768x526.png 768w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-2-1-1536x1051-1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><sub><strong>Figure 2:<\/strong><\/sub><em><sub> La th\u00e9rapie de remplacement<\/sub><\/em><em><sub> \u2013 l&#8217;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 toujours inclue ! Dessin par Karen.<\/sub><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pourquoi on n\u2019a pas de meilleures options ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Excellente question. On y travaille. Les comprim\u00e9s \u00e0 lib\u00e9ration prolong\u00e9e offrent une meilleure imitation du rythme naturel, mais ne sont pas disponibles partout. Et m\u00eame quand ils le sont, ils ne sont pas parfaits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des chercheurs ont test\u00e9 une pompe \u00e0 cortisol \u2013 un peu comme une pompe \u00e0 insuline pour les diab\u00e9tiques. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente (PULSES) a montr\u00e9 des am\u00e9liorations sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie, l\u2019humeur et la qualit\u00e9 de vie. Bonne nouvelle ? Oui. Mais les essais sont encore limit\u00e9s (peu de patients, dur\u00e9e courte), donc la pompe n\u2019est pas encore sur le march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En plus, on manque cruellement de donn\u00e9es physiologiques fiables pour savoir combien de cortisol il faudrait en cas de stress (sport, chaleur, infection, etc.). R\u00e9sultat : certains patients en prennent trop (bonjour l\u2019hypertension), d\u2019autres pas assez (bonjour les urgences).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Et dans la vraie vie, \u00e7a donne quoi ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00eame sous traitement, beaucoup de patients r\u00e9duisent leur activit\u00e9 physique, \u00e9vitent les vacances, les bains de foule, voire les efforts tout court, par peur de la crise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019autres, plus aventureux, surr\u00e9agissent et prennent plus d\u2019hydrocortisone que n\u00e9cessaire pour se rassurer. R\u00e9sultat : surpoids, diab\u00e8te, probl\u00e8mes cardiovasculaires. Une vraie \u00e9quation impossible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On estime que jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40 % des patients souffrent d\u2019un vrai impact sur leur vie pro, sociale et familiale. Et ce, m\u00eame avec un diagnostic pr\u00e9coce et un traitement dit &#8220;ad\u00e9quat&#8221;. Le cortisol, ce n\u2019est pas juste une hormone du stress : c\u2019est un pilier de la sant\u00e9 globale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"647\" src=\"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-3-1024x647-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-219\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.582668033383631;width:730px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-3-1024x647-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-3-1024x647-1-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Addison-3-1024x647-1-768x485.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><sub><strong>Figure 3:<\/strong><\/sub><em><sub> \u201cBon, prenez un cachet en plus la prochaine fois\u201d. Dessin par Karen.<\/sub><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Quelles sont les pistes pour am\u00e9liorer les choses ? (Oui, il y a de l\u2019espoir)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La bonne nouvelle, c\u2019est que la recherche avance :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Des pompes \u00e0 cortisol &#8220;ultradianes&#8221; qui imitent mieux le rythme naturel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un dispositif innovant de mesure du cortisol, nomm\u00e9 U-RHYTHM, capable de suivre les variations hormonales toutes les 20 minutes pendant 24 heures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des essais cliniques en cours pour tester ces technologies et prouver leur efficacit\u00e9 sur la qualit\u00e9 de vie et la pr\u00e9vention des crises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le r\u00eave ultime ? Un syst\u00e8me semi-automatis\u00e9, comme pour le diab\u00e8te de type 1. Et on n\u2019en est plus si loin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00c0 retenir ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La maladie d\u2019Addison, ce n\u2019est pas juste &#8220;\u00eatre un peu fatigu\u00e9&#8221;. C\u2019est un d\u00e9fi quotidien : surveiller ses sympt\u00f4mes, ajuster son traitement, et \u00e9viter une crise potentiellement mortelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le traitement actuel aide, mais il est loin d\u2019\u00eatre parfait. Entre pompes, capteurs, et nouvelles donn\u00e9es physiologiques, les choses changent. Lentement, mais s\u00fbrement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et pour les patients ? Un peu plus d\u2019espoir, un peu moins de peur, et bient\u00f4t, peut-\u00eatre, une vie avec moins de cortisol \u00e0 deviner, et plus \u00e0 vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 29 mai, c\u2019est la Journ\u00e9e de sensibilisation \u00e0 la maladie d\u2019Addison. Si vous aimez la science et que cet article vous a plu, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 le partager.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>R\u00e9ferences<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Barthel A, Benker G, Berens K, Diederich S, Manfras B, Gruber M, Kanczkowski W, Kline G, Kamvissi-Lorenz V, Hahner S, Beuschlein F, Brennand A, Boehm B, Torpy D, Bornstein S. An Update on Addison\u2019s Disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 127(2-03):165-175 (2019). <em>doi: 10.1055\/a-0804-2715<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Bornstein S, Allolio B, Arlt W, Barthel A, Don-Wauchope A, Hammer G, Husebye E, Merke D, Murad M, Stratakis C, Torpy D. Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(2):364-89 (2016). <em>doi: 10.1210\/jc.2015-1710<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Burger-Stritt S, Eff A, Quinkler M, Kienitz T, Stamm B, Willenberg H, Meyer G, klein J, Reisch N, Droste M, Hahner S. Standardised patient education in adrenal insufficiency: a prospective multi-centre evaluation. Eur J Endocrinol 183(2):119-127 (2020). <em>doi: 10.1530\/EJE-20-0181<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Hahner S, Spinnler C, Fassnacht M, Burger-Stritt S, Lang K, Milovanovic D, Beuschlein F, Willenberg H, Quinkler M, Allolio B. High incidence of adrenal crisis in educated patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency: A prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(2):407-16 (2015). <em>doi: 10.1210\/jc.2014-3191<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Hahner S, Ross R, Arlt W, Bancos I, Burger-Stritt S, Torpy D, Husebye E, Quinkler M. Adrenal Insufficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers 7(1):19 (2021). <em>doi: 10.1038\/s41572-021-00252-7<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Nowotny H, Ahmed S, Bensing S, Beun J, Br\u00f6samle M, Chifu I, Claahsen van der Grinten H, Falhammar H, Hahner S, Husebye E, Kristensen J, Loli P, Lajic S, Reisch N. Therapy options for adrenal insuf\ufb01ciency and recommendations for the management of adrenal crisis. Endocrine 71(3):586-594 (2021). <em>doi: 10.1007\/s12020-021-02649-6<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Puar T, Stikkelbroek N, Smans L, Zelissen P, Hermus A. Adrenal Crisis: Still a Deadly Event in the 21st Century. Am J Med 129(3):339.e1-9 (2016). <em>doi: 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.08.021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Russell G, Kalafatakis K, Durant C 7, Marchant N, Thakrar J, Thirard R, King J, Bowles J, Upton T, Thai NJ, Brooks JCW, Wilson A, Phillips K, Ferguson S, Grabski M, Rogers CA, Lampros T, Wilson S, Harmer C, Munafo M, Lightman SL. Ultradian hydrocortisone replacement alters neuronal processing, emotional ambiguity, affect and fatigue in adrenal insufficiency: The PULSES trial. J Intern Med 295(1):51-67 (2023). <em>doi: 10.1111\/joim.13721<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Steward PM. Modified-Release Hydrocortisone: Is It Time to Change Clinical Practice? J Endocr Soc 3(6):1150\u20131153 (2019). <em>doi: 10.1210\/js.2019-00046<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.addisonsdisease.org.uk\/blog\/behind-the-research-u-rhythm-2023\">https:\/\/www.addisonsdisease.org.uk\/blog\/behind-the-research-u-rhythm-2023<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avez-vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler de la maladie d\u2019Addison ? Probablement pas, car c\u2019est l\u2019une des maladies rares de notre \u00e9poque. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maladies-chroniques"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":223,"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions\/223"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experimenthe-blog.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}